SOLUTION

1.Agronomic requirements
The planting modes of rice can be divided into direct seeding, transplanting which results in different agronomic requirements.
For the transplanting
Key technical map of rice growing includes leveling (for uncultivated land), plowing, harrowing, puddling and leveling, nursery preparation, raising seedling, transplanting and fertilization, water management , weeding and crop protection, harvesting and threshing, drying, storage and transportation, straw handling, and other relative technical process.
2. Solution and affecting factors
a. Farm tractors, including two-wheeled tractor, four-wheeled driving tractors for paddy, and crawler tractors.
Determine the tractor's power range (tractive power, lifting force, hydraulic output power), working speed (gear distribution and shifting form), wheelbase, type of tire, ground clearance, quantity of hydraulic output and other information for selecting an appropriate tractor by soil type, crop system (rice-rice system and rice-corn system), country road traffic and planting area. working content or matching implements for tractor; working efficiency engine emission, etc.
b. Land grader, including dozer blade attached the tractor and trailed-type laser grader.
Affecting factors: an angle of paddy gradient, soil types and structure, moisture content in soils, operating period and area, working efficiency, the configuration, power of matching tractor, etc.
c. Paddy soil analysis equipment
Affecting factors include planting area and the type of mineral fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) in soils which needed to be measured.
d. Primary tillage implement, including moldboard/salt board plough, disc plow, hydraulic reversing plough
Affecting factors: land characteristics, soil types and moisture content in soils, fertilizer types, tillage depth, straw length of rice, operating period and area, working efficiency, the configuration, power and wheel track of matching tractor, etc.
e. Secondary tillage implement, including disc harrow, Spike-tooth harrow, Spring-tine harrow, offset harrow, tandem harrow, etc.
Affecting factors: soil type, soil moisture content, tillage depth, operating period and area, working efficiency, the configuration, power and wheel track of matching tractor, etc.
f. Rotary tiller for paddy, including rotary tiller or rotary tiller with level
Rotary tiller can replace the harrow and leveler to reduce the soils handling process and save time and cost. Sometimes the rotary tiller with leveler also replaces the puddling implement.
Affecting factors: soil type, moisture content in soil, tillage depth and hardpan depth, straw length, operating period and area, working efficiency, the configuration, power and wheel track of matching tractor, etc.
g. Puddling implements, including Cage wheels attached by wheeled tractor, floating tiller and tractor mounted puddlers.
Puddling the soil to decrease deep water percolation and control weeds
Factors: Soil type, depth of plow pan, operation period and area, working efficiency, the configuration, power and wheel track of matching tractor (only for puddler), etc.
h. Seedling nursery seeder
Affecting factors: capacity or working efficiency，operating period and paddy area.
transplanter
i. Transplanter, including 4-6 row walking transplanter, 4-8row ride rice Transplanter
Affecting factors: row spacing, spacing between plant, plant density, fertilization methods, number of rows, operating period and paddy area. working efficiency, etc.
j. Crop protective machine (weeding, Fertilization, and pest control), including self-propelled boom sprayer with fertilizer apparatus, and Knapsack sprayer.
Factor: type of fertilizer and pesticides, applicating method, spraying and drifting distance, drop size, operating period and area, working efficiency, the configuration, power and wheel track of matching tractor, etc.

k. Harvesting and threshing equipment, including reaper, windrower, threshers, clawer combine harvesters and mounted harvesters
Rice varieties, method of harvesting, condition of soil mud, moisture content of grain, row spacing, operation period and area, and working efficiency, etc.
l. Drying equipment
Drying method (drying or drying), power, working efficiency or output
m. mill equipment
Power resource (Electricity, natural gas, solar energy), working efficiency or output
n. Straw returning machines and baling machines, including cutting and spreading equipment attached on combine harvester, square or round baler.
Factor: usage of straw (raw materials for organic fertilizer, biomass fuel, raw materials for paper, fodder or straw mattress for cows), condition of soil mud, stalk length, shape of bale, bale size, operation period and area, working efficiency and the configuration, power and wheel track of matching tractor, etc.